The lipolytic agent methyl tetradecylthioacetic acid is also included. It is known to stimulate Daporinad beta oxidation [28] and is clearly involved in lipid transport and utilization [29]. Finally, the satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK-8) may have an influence on food intake if provided over a prolonged period of time. Collectively, the above ingredients

appear to represent a substantial list of potentially effective lipolytic agents. While it is possible that these additional ingredients may have contributed to the overall effectiveness of the dietary supplement in regards to our findings of increased lipolysis and metabolic rate, based on the relatively low dosages provided (in comparison to those used in prior investigations where these ingredients have been studied in isolation),

it is difficult to state with certainty that their contribution was significant. It is important to note that our findings for all blood variables following intake of the dietary supplement were highest at the 90 minute post ingestion mark. It is indeed possible that further increases may have been observed at times distant KU-60019 supplier to this. Further study to determine the time course of increased lipolysis is warranted. Based on the work of Hoffman et al. [16] who noted an increase in metabolic rate during hours one, two, and three following ingestion of this dietary supplement, it is likely that the corresponding blood variables would also remain elevated during this time. If so, the potential for increased fat mobilization is apparent. More importantly, if coupled with acute bouts of exercise, fat “”burning”" may be increased significantly during this period of time, potentially resulting in decreased body weight/body fat. Of course, PD-1 inhibitor longer term intervention studies are needed to test this hypothesis. Conclusion In conclusion, we report that the finished product Meltdown®, ingested at the exact

dosage as recommended by the manufacturer, results in an acute increase in plasma NE, glycerol, and FFA (measured using AUC), EPI (measured using ANOVA), as well as metabolic rate. This occurs despite a minimal increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Our findings are specific to a sample of young, healthy, and lean resistance trained men. Further study is needed to determine if similar or more pronounced findings are observed in a sample of overweight/sedentary men and women, who often respond to a greater extent to such treatment. Longer term studies are also needed to determine if the lipolytic effects of this supplement extend beyond 90 minutes post ingestion. Finally, intervention studies are warranted to determine the impact of this dietary supplement on weight/fat loss. Acknowledgements Funding for this work was provided in part by Vital Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and the University of Memphis. References 1. Consitt LA, Bell JA, Houmard JA: Intramuscular lipid metabolism, insulin action, and obesity. IUBMB Life 2009,61(1):47–55.CrossRefPubMed 2.