Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2006,44(5):1859–1862.PubMedCrossRef Authors’ contributions RCLM: Study design, primers design, fieldwork and data collection, laboratory tests, data analysis, manuscript writing; ASR: Study design, primers design, laboratory tests, data analysis, manuscript writing; FFM: Primers

design, laboratory test, data analysis, manuscript writing; MASC: Fieldwork, data collection and analysis, manuscript writing; KDE: Fieldwork and data collection; ADF: Fieldwork and data collection; LMSM: Diagnostic laboratorial tests; MSL: Data interpretation and analysis, manuscript writing; BW: Coordination, study design, fieldwork and data collection, data analysis, manuscript writing. All authors read an approved the final draft.”
“Background The animal gastrointestinal Poziotinib ic50 tract harbors a complex microbial network and its composition reflects the constant co-evolution of these microorganisms with their host environment [1]. Uncovering the taxonomic composition and functional capacity within the animal

gut microbial consortia is of great importance to understanding the roles they play in the host physiology and health. Since animal feces can harbor human pathogens, understanding the genetic composition NU7441 price of fecal microbial communities also has important implications for food and water safety. The structure and function of the gut microbial community has received significant attention for decades, although most of the work was restricted by the use of culture-based techniques. Recently, sequence Branched chain aminotransferase analysis of the 16S rRNA gene has shed new light on the diversity and composition of microbial communities within several animal gut systems [2]. While 16S rRNA gene-based techniques have revealed impressive microbial diversity within gut environments, this approach offers only limited information on the physiological role of microbial consortia within a given gut environment. Random sequencing of metagenomes has allowed scientists to reveal significant differences in metabolic potential within different environments [3], including microbial populations associated with host-microbial partnerships. Specifically,

the publicly available Idasanutlin research buy database IMG/M [4] contains 596 Mb of sequencing data, representing 1,424, 000 genes from 17 different gut microbiomes. Studying gut metagenomes has particularly helped in uncovering several important biological characteristics of these microbiomes. For example, when 13 human gut metagenomes were compared, Kurokawa et al [5] found that adult and infant type gut microbiomes have enriched gene families sharing little overlap, suggesting different core functions within the adult and infantile gut microbiota. This study also demonstrated the presence of hundreds of gene families exclusively found in the adult human gut, suggesting various strategies are employed by each type of microbiota to adapt to its intestinal environment [5].