X-ray diffraction confirms that the obtained nanomaterial is pure ZnO with wurtzite hexagonal phase [19]. Figure 4 Typical (a) XRD pattern and (b) FT-IR spectrum of ZnO nanosheets. Figure 4b shows the typical FT-IR spectra of the ZnO nanomaterial measured in the range of 420 to 4,000 cm−1. selleck screening library The appearance of a sharp band at 495.18 cm−1 in the FT-IR spectrum is indication of ZnO nanosheets which is due to Zn-O stretching vibration [19]. The absorption peaks at 3,477 and 1,612 cm−1 are caused by the O-H stretching of the absorbed water molecules from the environment [20]. XPS was analyzed for synthesized nanosheets and described in Figure 5.

XPS peaks for calcined nanosheets observed at 531.1 for O 1 s, 1,022.0 eV for Zn 2p3/2, and 1,045.0 eV for Zn 2p1/2 which

are comparable to the literature values [21] which suggest pure ZnO nanosheets. Figure 5 Typical XPS spectrum of ZnO nanosheets. Metal uptake Selectivity study of ZnO nanosheets Selectivity of the newly synthesized ZnO nanosheets toward different metal ions was investigated based on the basis of calculated distribution coefficient of ZnO nanosheets. The distribution coefficient (K d) can be obtained from the following equation [22]: (1) where C o and C e refer to the initial and final concentrations before and after filtration with ZnO nanosheets, respectively, V is the volume (mL), and m is the weight of ZnO nanosheets (g). Distribution coefficient

values of all metal ions investigated in selleck chemicals this study are summarized in Table 1. Antiinfection Compound Library chemical structure It can be clearly observed from Table 1 that the greatest distribution coefficient value was obtained for Cd(II) with ZnO nanosheets in comparison to other metal ions. As can be depicted from Table 1, the amount of Cd(II) was almost all extracted using ZnO nanosheets. Thus, selectivity study results indicated that the newly synthesized ZnO nanosheets were most selective toward Cd(II) among all metal ions. The incorporated donor atom of oxygen, presented in ZnO nanosheets, strongly attained the selective adsorption of ZnO nanosheets toward Cd(II). Based on the above results, the mechanism of adsorption may be electrostatic attraction or chelating mechanism between ZnO nanosheets and Cd(II). Table 1 Selectivity study of ZnO nanosheets adsorption toward different metal ions at pH 5.0 and 25°C ( N = 5) Metal ion q e(mg g−1) K d(mL g−1) Cd(II) 1.98 89,909.09 Mn(II) 1.53 3,237.29 Cu(II) 1.41 2,412.97 Y(III) 1.33 1,985.07 Pb(II) 1.25 1,666.67 La(III) 1.08 1,166.85 Hg(II) 0.73 568.63 Pd(II) 0.35 209.19 Static adsorption capacity For determination of the static uptake capacity of Cd(II) on ZnO nanosheet adsorbent, 25 mL Cd(II) sample solutions with different concentrations (0 to 150 mg L−1) were adjusted to pH 5.0 and individually mixed with 25 mg ZnO nanosheets (Figure 6). These mixtures were mechanically shaken for 1 h at room temperature.