We did this for both behavior and anatomical variables ( Figures 1D and 1E). This led to the removal of two individuals in the data set we gathered (n = 16 instead of n = 18), zero individuals in Poppenk et al. (2010b) (n = 16), one individual in the data set collected by Skinner
et al. (2010) (n = 13 instead of n = 14), and zero individuals in the data set collected by Cohn et al. (2009) (n = 13). For the RM aggregate analysis, we combined our measure from the current study (source memory accuracy) with that from Poppenk et al. (2010b) (source memory accuracy), Skinner et al. (2010) (proportion of hits subjectively recollected), and Cohn et al. (2009) (proportion of hits subjectively recollected). Measures selleckchem were Z scored within-study to help control for between-study effects. One individual participated in three of these studies and was sampled only once; all other participants participated in only one of the studies. In total, 56 individuals were included in the aggregate RM analysis. For the digit span aggregate analysis, we combined our WAIS-III digit
span measurements with those of Skinner et al. (2010). One individual participated in both studies and was sampled only once, and digit Apoptosis Compound Library cost span data were not available from two individuals in our data set. In total, 26 individuals were included in the aggregate digit span analysis. We thank M. Cohn, E. Skinner, and M. Fernandes for contributing data sets, N. Bakker, S. Freel, and P. Lin for manual segmentations, M. Ziegler for stimulus programming, F. Tam for imaging sequences, W. Cunningham and A. Yonelinas for statistical PD184352 (CI-1040) advice, and H. Chapman for helpful comments. Supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) postgraduate scholarship (J.P.), NSERC postdoctoral scholarship (J.P.), NSERC A8347 (M.M.), Canadian Institutes of Health Research MOP49566 (M.M), and
J.S. McDonnell Foundation 22002082 (A.R. McIntosh). “
“A central objective in deciphering the neural circuitry of the brain is to define the synaptic inputs and outputs of specific neuronal subpopulations in different regions (Bohland et al., 2009). These input/output relationships can be comprehensively mapped by serial electron microscope (EM) reconstruction (Jurrus et al., 2009, Kleinfeld et al., 2011 and Ward et al., 1975). However, such methods are currently best suited to elucidating microcircuitry within relatively small volumes of brain tissue (Bock et al., 2011 and Briggman et al., 2011), rather than to mapping long-range projections (Seung, 2009). The latter can be visualized using neuroanatomical tracers to sample connections between regions (reviewed in Köbbert et al., 2000 and Vercelli et al., 2000). Classical tracers, such as biotin-dextran amine (BDA), fluorescent latex microspheres (Katz et al., 1984), or phytohemagglutinin lectin (PHAL), have provided much useful information (e.g.