The water uptake and solution uptake in methanol solutions decreased with increasing crosslinking ratio, but a comparable high proton conductivity was maintained in the uncrosslinked membranes. They exhibited isotropic swelling behavior and largely enhanced dimensional stability in water and methanol solutions, whereas the uncrosslinked one showed anisotropic

swelling behavior. The oxidative stability of the crosslinked membranes was significantly enhanced by the formation of sulfonyl linkages. The high proton conductivities at 120 degrees C and 50% relative humidity suggested promising applications in elevated temperatures. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 1707-1716, 2011″
“In the biological production of xylitol selleck kinase inhibitor from xylose it has been demonstrated that a low-level supply of oxygen to the

culture (similar to 0.1 volume of air per volume of culture medium per minute) yields an increase of extracellular accumulated xylitol up to 0.65 g(xylitol) g(xylose)(-1) in our experiments. In spite of the abundant experimental evidence regarding xylitol production, the advances in the mathematical description of the process are relatively scarce. In this work, a stoichiometric this website model considering the main biochemical reactions (metabolic fluxes) involved in microaerobic xylitol production is proposed. The main metabolic reactions in xylitol production by Candida parapsilosis were HDAC cancer incorporated in order to establish a stoichiometric reaction rate analysis of the network. The reaction rates in the metabolic network were calculated both for determined and underdetermined systems. A comparison between predicted and experimentally measured or reported yields has shown that the proposed stoichiometric model correctly depicts the xylitol yield within a 12.8% average error for several xylose-assimilating yeasts. The expected xylitol concentrations for a production process were also estimated after a sensitivity analysis of the metabolic network. An analysis of the estimated metabolic fluxes provided insight

into some physiological events involved in the production of xylitol by yeasts. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.”
“Study Design. A retrospective case report.

Objective. To report a previously unpublished complication associated with surgical correction of Scheuermann’s kyphosis (SK).

Summary of Background Data. Recently, a review of a large Scoliosis Research Society database reported a 1.9% risk of neurologic injury during surgical correction of SK. Typically, changes in neurophysiological monitoring are attributed to hypoperfusion of the spinal cord during deformity correction and can be treated by elevating the mean arterial blood pressure or by decreasing the amount of correction. However, other reversible etiologies of neurologic compromise theoretically exist as well.