The multi-copper oxidase copA gene is located in plasmids in the four Sphingomonas and Stenotrophomonas strains suggesting that MGEs may spread Cu-resistance determinants in these soils.

This study contributes to the understanding of the effect of long-term INCB28060 Cu-pollution on the bacterial community of Selleckchem Semaxanib agricultural soils and to the characterization of novel Cu-resistant bacterial isolates from agricultural soils from the Aconcagua valley. Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from USM 131109, 13948 and 130836 (MS), FONDECYT 1110992 and 1070507 (MS), FONDECYT 3090071 (CY) and Center of Nanotechnology and Systems Biology (MS, FA). LAR acknowledges a MECESUP FSM0710 postdoctoral fellowship. FA and GB acknowledge

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