Observational field study at the ‘Half Marathon Basel’ in Switzerland. They claim anthropometric and training variables were related to half-marathon race time in selleck chemical Ganetespib recreational female runners. Skin-fold thicknesses at various upper body locations were related to training intensity. High running speed in training appears to be important for fast half-marathon race times and may reduce upper body skin-fold thicknesses in recreational female half marathoners. The two papers by Perim et al. 19 have been discussed: one compared relative O2 pulse curves in 180 elite soccer players at their maximal heart rate during treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing and concludes that relative O2 pulse curve slopes, which serve as an indirect and non-invasive surrogate for stroke volume, suggest that the stroke volume is similar in young and aerobically fit subjects regardless of the maximum heart rate reached.
The second 20 analyzed the stability of the O2 pulse curve relative to body mass in 49 elite soccer players and claims that in young healthy men in good to excellent aerobic condition, the morphology of the relative O2 pulse curve is consistent up to close to the peak effort for a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test repeated within a 1-year period. No increase in relative O2 pulse at peak effort could represent a physiologic stroke volume limitation in these athletes. The article by Zanella et al. 29 evaluating lipid profile, apolipoprotein A-1 and malondialdehyde vs.
physical exercise by comparing footballers with their relatives and with sedentary controls suggests an association between physical exercise and lower levels of malondialdehyde in the footballers and that physical activity seems to promote beneficial effects on the lipoproteins, regardless of genetic influences. The last paper in this section deals with negative addiction to exercise, by Modolo et al. 42 who endeavored to determine if there are differences between male and female athletes’ scores on measurements of negative addiction symptoms, quality of life, mood and sleep. 144 female and 156 male athletes participated in this study by answering the following questionnaires: Negative Addiction Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Trait Anxiety Inventory, Profile of Mood States, SF-36 Quality of Life, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
No differences were seen in the development of negative addiction exercise symptoms in males and females and there were no changes in the quality of life and mood of these athletes. Pulmonary System: Eight original papers examine the interaction of exercise with respiratory function, seven of which look at human situations, one at development in a murine model. Two papers describe relations with bronchiolitis obliterans. Mattiello et al. 43 assessed functional capacity during exercise in 20 children Entinostat and adolescents with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans.