Modulation of the S1P/S1P1 receptor pathway might have some thera

Modulation of the S1P/S1P1 receptor pathway might have some therapeutic potential in hepatic IRI-induced kidney injury. “
“Fibroblast

growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a recently discovered regulator of phosphate and mineral metabolism. Its main JQ1 physiological function is the enhancement of renal phosphate excretion. FGF-23 levels are inversely related to renal function and in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) elevation in FGF-23 precedes the rise of serum phosphate. Studies have demonstrated an important role for FGF-23 in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism through an effect on parathyroid hormone and calcitriol. In cross-sectional studies FGF-23 has been associated with surrogate

markers of cardiovascular disease such as endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. FGF-23 has also been associated with both progression of CKD and mortality in dialysis patients. The discovery of FGF-23 has provided a profound new insight into bone and mineral metabolism, and it may become an important biomarker and therapeutic target in CKD. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with age-matched individuals with normal kidney function.1 Mineral abnormalities complicating CKD such as hyperphosphatemia, calcitriol deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) are associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) and overall see more mortality.2–4 Proposed mechanisms for this relationship selleck chemicals include endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and vascular calcification.5 The term ‘Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone

Disorder’ (CKD-MBD) has been developed to highlight the intimate relationship between abnormalities of mineral metabolism, renal bone disease and excessive tissue calcification. The recent characterization of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and its important role in CKD-MBD has challenged the traditional understanding of the pathophysiology of SHPT. With an increasing number of clinical studies linking FGF-23 to clinical outcomes, we review the physiology of FGF-23 and its potential role as a biomarker and therapeutic target in CKD. The link between FGF-23 and phosphate regulation was first described in the rare inherited condition of autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, and soon after in the acquired condition of tumour-induced osteomalacia.6,7 These diseases are characterized by a common phenotype – hypophosphatemia, low or inappropriately normal calcitriol levels, urinary phosphate wasting and osteomalacia.8 The postulated phosphaturic circulating factor was subsequently identified as FGF-23 and the characteristic phenotypes in patients with conditions of FGF-23 excess or deficiency provided important early clues regarding its function.

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