, along with 10 known Bafilomycin A1 cell line compounds (4-13). Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as HR-ESI-MS.”
“Objective: To identify the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in Asian Indian patients with vitiligo and to compare the clinical profile between thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody-positive and TPO antibody: negative groups.

Methods: In this cross-sectional, case-controlled study, 50 patients with vitiligo (29 women and 21 men) were included. Patients with previous disorders, irradiation, or surgical procedures involving the thyroid were excluded from the study. All participants underwent a complete

physical examination, and a:single fasting blood sample was analyzed for thyroid function (triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and TPO and thyroglobulin antibodies), inflammatory and immunologic markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein,

and rheumatoid factor), and serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. All patients underwent thyroid ultrasonography, and the data were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 42.7 +/- 17 years, and 14 of Etomoxir inhibitor 50 patients (28%) had TPO antibody positivity. A goiter was present in 11 of 50 patients, and the thyroid volume by ultrasonography was similar between the 2 groups. Subclinical hypothyroidism was found in 14 of 50 patients

(28%) but more frequently in the TPO antibody-positive group (8 of 14 or 57%) than in the TPO antibody-negative group (6 of 36 or 17%). The prevalence of AITD was 20 of 50 patients (40%) when the TPO antibody-positive group and those with, subclinical hypothyroidism were considered collectively. None of the patients had overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. All other clinical, biochemical, and inflammatory variables did not differ significantly between the TPO buy Crenolanib antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups.

Conclusion: Our data showed a 40% prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with vitiligo in India. The risk is exacerbated in patients with thyroid autoimmunity; thus, regular screening of patients with vitiligo for AITD is needed. (Endocr Pract. 2012;18:194-199)”
“The relationship between depression and epilepsy has been known since ancient times, however, to date, it is not fully understood. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in persons with epilepsy is high compared to general population. It is assumed that the rate of depression ranges from 20 to 55% in patients with refractory epilepsy, especially considering those with temporal lobe epilepsy caused by mesial temporal sclerosis. Temporal lobe epilepsy is a good biological model to understand the common structural basis between depression and epilepsy.