The evolution of the Si-nc sublayer dielectric response as a function of the ion fluence has been established for volume fractions of Si excess varying between 9.1% and 50.4%. Comparison between the depth profile of optical indices determined by ellipsometry and TRIM calculations shows that for implanted Si volume fraction lower than 30%, the center and the width of the optical index profile agree with the spatial distribution

of the implanted Si when both the swelling and the ion sputtering effects are taken into account. This is also valid in systems having two separate Si-nc sublayers, where the geometric characterization Selleckchem EX-527 of the optical index variations has been computed from a data extrapolation. For a volume fraction of 50.4%, where the ion implantation performed at high fluence can activate the oxygen depletion from the material surface, the spatial distribution of the optical refractive index is deeper and narrower than the Si excess profile.

(C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3041155]“
“Objective. To study the effects of estrogen on colon polyp formation, proliferation, and angiogenesis on a rat model of colon cancer induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Methods. Thirty-six female ovariectomized (OVX) rats were randomly divided Gamma-secretase inhibitor into 3 groups: (I) control group (administrated with vehicles weekly), (II) DMH group (administrated with DMH weekly), and (III) DMH + E-2 group (administrated with DMH and 17 beta-estradiol weekly). The incidence, volumes, and multiplicity of colon polyps in each group were evaluated. The microvessel density (MVD), the expressions of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), and the expressions of HIF-1 alpha and VEGF in polyps were detected in each group. Results. Estrogen reduced the multiplicity, YAP-TEAD Inhibitor 1 supplier volumes, and the PCNA expressions

of DMH-induced colon polyps. The MVD in DMH + E-2 group was significantly lower than that in DMH group. Estrogen treatment decreased the HIF-1 alpha and VEGF expressions at both mRNA and protein level. Conclusion. Estrogen replacement was protective for ovariectomized rats from DMH-induced carcinogenesis, and one of the mechanisms for this was due to estrogen’s inhibitive effects on blood vessel formation by downregulating VEGF and HIF-1 alpha expressions.”
“Local and regional anesthetic procedures are an integral part of daily dermatological practice. Safe and effective analgesia in skin and soft tissues is crucial for otherwise painful diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Tumescent local anesthesia allows for pain-free interventions that previously had to be done by using general anesthesia. Older patients with multiple co-morbidities are especially suited for local anesthetic procedures, because they may significantly reduce surgical risks.