The relationships between the coil current and the membrane displacement are then systematically examined. Finally, the the analyzed results confirm that a net flow rate of 52.8 ��L/min can be obtained using a diaphragm displacement of 31.5 ��m induced by a micro-coil input current of 0.5 A.2.?DesignsAs shown in Figure 1(a), the impedance pump comprises three basic plates, namely a bottom coil plate containing a planar micro-coil, a channel plate and a cover actuator plate with a PDMS diaphragm electroplated a magnetic layer on its upper surface. The pump body has overall dimensions of 26 mm �� 15 mm �� 2.5 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries mm (length �� width �� height), while the microchannel measures 11.35 mm �� 4 mm �� 50 ��m (length �� width �� height). The present study designed three different micro-coils for evaluation purposes.
In each case, the coil contained 10 turns and had a thickness and inner radius of 20 ��m and 2,000 ��m, respectively. Meanwhile, the widths, spacing, and outer radii of the three coils were specified as follows: (a) 125 ��m / 150 ��m / 9,500 ��m; (b) 100 ��m / 125 ��m / 8,500 ��m; and (c) 75 ��m / 90 ��m / 7,500 ��m [13].Figure 1.(a) Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Schematic illustration of valveless impedance pump. (b) Details of (a) [13].When a sinusoidal electrical current is passed through the micro-coil, a magnetic induction field is generated, which creates an electromagnetic force between the coil and the electroplated magnetic layer on the upper surface of the PDMS diaphragm. As a result, the diaphragm deflects bi-directionally, causing a periodic volume change of the channel with a frequency equivalent to that of the applied voltage.
In the impedance pump, due to the interaction between traveling waves Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries emitted from the compression and reflected waves at the impedance-mismatched positions, it not only has a non-linear response to the actuating compression frequency, but also shows reversal of flow direction under certain frequency ranges [14]. Ideally, the flow rate can be increased by Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries increasing Cilengitide the stroke volume of the diaphragm. However, in designing the electromagnetic actuator, the volume change consistent with the required flow rate and its excitation frequency can not exceed the elastic limits of the PDMS diaphragm and t
Roughness parameters describe the irregularities that occur due to the material removal processes, including tool geometry, wheel grit, electrical discharge machining spark, and chemical or physical vapor deposition [1�C3].
In this sense, roughness parameters are key factors for selleck catalog a number of industrial manufactured products and directly influence their subsequent performance. Some examples are the relationship of roughness with tribology [4,5], the reflectivity of optical products fabricated by diamond turning [6] or moulding [7] and the adhesion of paint and plating applications [8].Areal surface evaluation is of greater interest than 2D profiles.