It was found that the in situ prepared inorganic phase was hydroxyapatite nano-fibers that were uniformly dispersed in the chitosan matrix. The average diameter of the fibers were about 3 nm, while the length of the fibers increases from 20 to 60 nm when the hydroxyapatite content increased from 10 to 70 wt %. The compressive strength and Young’s modulus of these nano-fibrous

HA/CS composites increased with the increasing HA content and reached the highest values of 170 and 1.7 GPa, respectively, at the HA content of 5070 wt %, which were much higher than the values of samples prepared by coprecipitation. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Purpose: To introduce a new surgical approach for open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fracture.

Patients and Methods: Salubrinal In this study, 36 patients with condylar fractures (51 sides) and those of the mandibular ramus and coronoid process were treated using a modified

retromandibular approach indirectly from the anterior edge of the parotid gland. The degree and type of mouth opening, occlusal relationship, facial nerve function, and other complications in the patients were assessed and evaluated.

Results: During the follow-up conducted over 12 to 24 months, x-ray examinations revealed good fracture healing. The occlusal relationship and degree and type of mouth opening improved significantly over those before operation. During the final SNX-5422 cost follow-up at 24 months, no case of ankylosis and/or salivary fistula was observed. Major complications at 1 week postoperation included temporary injury to the facial YM155 order nerve branches in 4 cases; this condition improved after 1 to 3 months.

Conclusions: Open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fracture by using the modified retromandibular approach indirectly from the anterior edge of the parotid gland has many advantages. Compared with the traditional surgical incision, this method is simple and short, and the completely exposed operative field facilitates reduction and fixation. Compared with transparotid approaches, it substantially reduces

the risk to the facial nerve. At the same time, this method is not only suitable for the surgical treatment of condylar fractures but also for those of the mandibular ramus and coronoid process. (C) 2009 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons”
“Introducing a cluster formation model, we provide a rational fundamental viewpoint for the difficulty to achieve n-type doped diamond. We argue that codoping is the way forward to form appropriately doped shallow regions in diamond and other forms of carbon such as graphene. The electronegativities of the codopants are an important design criterion for the donor atom to efficiently donate its electron. We propose that the nearest neighbour codopants should be of a considerably higher electronegativity compared to the donor atom.