Amino acid sequencing The N-terminal amino acid sequence of TanLpl, TanLpa, and TanLpe were determined by automated Edman degradation using a PPSQ-10 protein sequencer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Effects of pH and temperature on tannase

activity The activity of the purified recombinant TanLpl, TanLpa, and TanLpe on pH and temperature was determined in comparison with that of a commercially available A. oryzae tannase (Wako). All reaction mixtures contained 600 nM of the purified tannase and 1 mM MG as a substrate. The optimal pH of the enzyme was determined at 37°C for 15 min in the range of pH 4.0–10.0 using the following buffers: 50 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.0–5.5), 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0–7.0), 50 mM Tris–HCl buffer (pH 7.5–8.5), STAT inhibitor and 50 mM NaHCO3 buffer (pH 9.0–10.0). The optimum temperature was determined by measuring the tannase activity at 20–55°C in 50 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.0) for TanLpl, TanLpa, and TanLpe, and in 50 mM sodium citrate (pH 5.5) for A. oryzae tannase. The reaction products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as described previously [17]. One unit of tannase MAPK Inhibitor Library manufacturer activity was defined as the amount of enzyme required to release 1 μmol of gallic acid in 1 min under specified conditions. Effects of various chemicals on tannase activity Effects of various

metal ions (CaCl2, MnCl2, FeSO4, MgSO4, ZnSO4), EDTA, urea, β-mercaptoethanol, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) on the lactobacilli tannase activities were investigated. Activity of each enzyme was estimated using 1 mM MG as substrate with 1 mM each of the above chemicals at 37°C for 15 min under the predetermined optimal pH condition. The reaction products were analyzed by HPLC as described above. Kinetic constant of Lactobacilli

tannase The reaction mixture (200 μl) was prepared in 50 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8.0) for TanLpl, TanLpa, and TanLpe, or 50 mM sodium citrate (pH 5.5) for A. oryzae tannase, containing each of the selleck chemicals llc substrates (0.1–4 mM), and the enzyme (33 Progesterone nM). The mixture without enzyme was once preincubated at 37°C for 10 min, and the reaction was started by adding the enzyme. After incubation at 37°C for 15 min, the reaction was stopped by adding 20 μl of 20% (v/v) phosphoric acid to be subjected directly to HPLC analysis. K m and V max values were calculated from a Hanes–Woolf plot. k cat value was calculated based on the molecular mass of each tannase enzyme (deduced from the gene sequences and SDS-PAGE). Nucleotide Sequence Accession Number The nucleotide sequences reported in this study has been submitted to DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number listed in Additional file 1: Table S1. Results Sequence analysis of tanLpl, tanLpa, and tanLpe The full-length nucleotide sequence of the tanLpa (1410 bp) of L. paraplantarum NSO120 and tanLpe (1413 bp) of L. pentosus 22A-1 as determined by inverse PCR predicted proteins of 469 and 470 amino acid residues, with molecular mass of 50,708 Da and 51,193 Da, respectively.