Demographic, lifestyle and laboratory data were prospectively collected on each patient with HIV infection. The anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in patients with HIV infection was compared with that in controls and demographic risk factors for HEV exposure were explored using logistic regression models. There was no difference in anti-HEV

IgG seroprevalence between the HIV-infected patients and controls. The only risk factor predictive of anti-HEV seropositivity was the consumption of raw/undercooked pork; sexual risk factors were unrelated. No patient with HIV infection had evidence of chronic coinfection with HEV Anti-HEV seroprevalence is similar in controls and patients with HIV infection. Risk factor analysis suggests that HEV is unlikely to be transmitted sexually. Chronic coinfection with HEV was absent, indicating that Galunisertib chronic HEV/HIV coinfection is not a common problem in this cohort. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is endemic in many parts of the developing world and globally it is the

commonest cause of acute viral hepatitis. In developing countries, hepatitis E usually results in a self-limiting hepatitis, except in pregnant women in whom the mortality is approximately 20% [1]. Autochthonous (locally acquired) HEV infection is an emerging health issue in developed countries [1] and is thought in many cases to be a porcine zoonosis. In developed countries, acute HEV infection mainly affects the middle-aged and elderly and is more common in male individuals [2–7]. Recently, chronic HEV infection Ixazomib with rapidly progressive cirrhosis has been demonstrated in immunosuppressed transplant recipients [8], and in individuals with haematological malignancies [9]. In 2009, chronic HEV coinfection was documented in ALOX15 the UK [10] and France [11] in two HIV-infected patients, in association with established cirrhosis.

However, little is currently known about the extent or outcomes of HEV and HIV coinfection. The aim of this study was to document the incidence of chronic HEV coinfection in an unselected group of patients with HIV infection and to determine the anti-HEV seroprevalence in patients with HIV infection and compare it with that of a control population. Consecutive, unselected patients with documented HIV infection were approached to participate in the study between July 2009 and May 2010. The patients were attending the Departments of HIV Medicine at two teaching hospitals in southwest England (Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, and Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK). After the patients had provided informed consent, a serum sample was taken and frozen at −70 °C, prior to being tested for HEV by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM immunoassays. Samples were also tested for hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA by RT-PCR. Demographic, lifestyle and laboratory data were prospectively collected on each patient.